Understand that while classical physics can build your intuition for general chemistry, quantum electrodynamics provides a fuller picture explaining phenomena not predicted by a classical model.

Be able to describe changes in electrostatic potential energy within a single atom, between atoms within a chemical bond, and molecules interacting through intermolecular force. Understand how the concept of binding energy describes changes that may occur at each of these levels of the structure of matter.

Through an understanding of changes in energy during covalent bond formation, be able to explain why the graph of the electronegativities of the elements agrees with their reduction potentials.

Be able to describe the stability of conformational isomers in terms of electrostatic potential energy.