Paradoxal use of Mach-Zehnder interferometer: how one single photon outputing by A knows about existence of obstacle at M? And with what probability photon reach A detector?

Click this LINK to visit the original image and attribution information. Right click on the image to save the 800px teaching JPEG.



Paradoxal use of Mach-Zehnder interferometer: how one single photon outputing by A knows about existence of obstacle at M? And with what probability photon reach A detector?