We have been teaching a strategy method for MCAT passages in our incubator called MCAT Passage Reader Response (MPRR). MPRR is a collection of reading strategies that help make the content and intentions of MCAT passages more clear in the light of test-writer intentions.
MCAT Passage Reader Response - A Toolkit for the Test
The reader-response school of literary theory focuses on the reader and their experience of a literary work. The reader response approach to MCAT passages keeps the focus on the test-taker and their subjective experience of the verbal language, figures, and tables in an MCAT passage. In reader response theory, a text doesn't exist except in the mind of the reader. Providing meaning to a text is a mental performance. In the MCAT, you as the test-taker are completing the meaning of every passage element.
MCAT Passage Reader Response (MPRR) is a body of techniques we have developed for the performance of Chem/Phys, Bio/Biochem, and Psych/Soc passages. In these sections, the MCAT passages are written by AAMC, not selected like CARS, and you must use a knowledge-base to interpret passage elements.
Empowering your knowledge-base for an active, intentional kind of reading performance in MCAT passages is the central focus of MPRR. Another aspect of MPRR curriculum helps you see through the puzzles created by the passage writer. The MCAT passage writer isn't like a normal scientific writer. The writer of an MCAT passage will always work to interfere with your understanding of what they are pretending to describe in good conscience.
In normal scientific writing the author is trying to communicate
The biggest difference between normal scientific writing and MCAT passages is that the author in scientific writing really is doing their best to communicate. In a serious research setting, such as the Bill and Melinda Gates Medical Research Institute (Gates-MRI), where this author served twelve months last year as contract QC Writing Manager, I can personally testify that the subject matter experts and the medical writing teams always try their utmost to make the writing clear for the reader, especially with dense, difficult scientific topics. In other words, in normal scientific writing, the author cooperates with the reader. However, in an MCAT passage, the opposite is the case. In an MCAT passage, the author is non-cooperative.
The designer of an MCAT passage produces something that presents itself as scientific writing. MCAT passages will superficially resemble journal articles, but MCAT passages are designed to impede you. In MPRR practice mode, we have deconstructed many AAMC Section Bank passages with students. AAMC MCAT designers use strategies that intentionally make it difficult to form a clear picture of the scientific ideas in the passage. Within the reader response framework, we use game theory in our strategic curriculum to form a picture of the MCAT passage writer. Reading an MCAT passage is a non-cooperative game between you and the passage writer.
Knowing the other and knowing oneself: In one hundred battles no danger
Not knowing the other and knowing oneself: One victory for one loss
Not knowing the other and not knowing oneself: In every battle certain defeat
— Sun Tzu
An MCAT passage is a non-cooperative game
MCAT writers have developed many strategies for being non-cooperative. In almost any MCAT passage, for example, you will find multiple instances of the writer being cryptic on purpose. If the passage says, "the residue at position 259", understand a normal manuscript author would just write "glutamate", but there is a puzzle instead based on a topical learning goal, so you can predict a question coming, which you have already answered. Likewise, if the passage writer labels a substance as "Compound A", but this is not because the identity of Compound A is a mystery to the writer. Often Compound A will be something you should recognize like benzoquinone or lactate, or maybe half of it is a peptide. Make noticing the passage being cryptic a part of your reader response strategy, and you will soon find yourself answering many of the topical questions in the exam before you get to them.
Another non-cooperative strategy you'll find is at the beginning of Bio/Biochem passages. Often there is a very dense background section. These are designed to make you feel like you are in big trouble. However, if you deconstruct this type, you can see it is purposefully designed to shipwreck you, often with a lack of cohesion and long run-on sentences. Responding to the puzzle in the emergent flow of reading, you notice the field of reference shifting between phrases moving from genotypes, now onto the concentrations in aliquots they will use and then to the fluorescent characteristics of the label. You see they are trying to make your head spin, so it doesn't. The beginning of a Bio/Biochem passage will often try to shipwreck you, so here they go again.
What is the learning goal beneath this kind of puzzle which seems like just an impedance? What the MCAT is teaching you is take your time and assemble scientific ideas in your imagination. You are responsible to make a world when you read scientific material, so you stop and study that background section of the passage for a bit. The experimental section of the passage will depend on you understanding the living system beforehand to understand experimental results. The reader response strategy is to take your time at the beginning. Study that first paragraph as a whole when you get to the end of it, and the rest of the passage will unfold more easily.
MCAT Mastery
Game theory is an AAMC topic in the psych/soc section. The originators of game theory were John von Neumann and John Ogden Nash. According to John Nash, a player in a non-cooperative game should ask themselves this question: "Knowing the strategy of the other player, can I benefit by changing my own strategy?" If the answer is no, then your strategy is a Nash equilibrium and you have mastered the game. To rephrase, MCAT mastery comes from both understanding AAMC's strategies and how to respond to them. As an overall strategy, responding to the exam as it is, MPRR produces a kind of choreographed performance where your knowledge-base and understanding of the test make the passage clear in content and test-writer intention.
One-on-one tutoring in MPRR techniques is available Fall/Winter 2024
From the start at MCAT Academy in the 1990's to Premed Village now, development of the curriculum and learning materials in this project for premedical education has always been through live-teaching. It has always been an incubator first. Working closely with students for decades, is the creative life of the project.
In the past three years we have deconstructed a great many of the passages of AAMC Section Bank I with MPRR techniques. We are working with a limited number of one-on-one students Fall and Winter 2024 to prepare MPRR for a wider audience in Premed Village next year and, ultimately, interleaving within the interdisciplinary content review in its next iteration. We are working to integrate MPRR into the broader course. At this stage, we are extending the scope of MPRR analysis and practice to Section Bank 1 to also include Sample Test and the Handbook passages. In other words, we are currently offering a limited number of students a short one-on-one course in MPRR. The course will be taught by this author, John Wetzel, one of the most experienced MCAT teachers in the country.
The basic course consists of 10 two-hour sessions via Zoom ($75/hour). TYou can purchase a one session at a time. In addition to test-taking strategy, sessions with John include targeted content review as needed, and help with your study plan.